ABSTRACT
GRAPHENE: A REVOLUTION IN ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY
Er.
Sumita Dhiman1, Er. Janak chand2, Er. Shikha Singh3
Department of Electronics 1, 2, and
Electrical Engineering 2
School of engineering and technology SSU Palampur
(H.P)
Graphene is a one-atom-thick planar sheet of carbon atoms
that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice is a wonder material
with many superlatives to its name. It is the thinnest material in the universe
(one gram of graphene can cover 3000m2) and the strongest ever
measured. Its charge carriers exhibit very large intrinsic mobility (100 times
of silicon), have the smallest effective mass (it is zero) and can travel
micrometer-long distances without scattering at room temperature. Graphene can
sustain current densities 6 orders higher than copper shows record thermal
conductivity and stiffness. Electron transport in graphene is described by a
Dirac-like equation, which allows the investigation of relativistic quantum
phenomena in a bench-top experiment. all these properties of graphene make it
ideal to design quantum core electronic device(SET, SED, resonant tunneling devices).This
review analyses is an attempt to identify future directions which
is likely to revolutionize the electronics industry.
Keywords: Graphene, conductivity, SET, SED.
Micromax Canvas Knight Reportedly Receiving Android 4.4.2 KitKat Update
Micromax is said to have started rolling out the Android 4.4.2 KitKat FOTA (firmware over-the-air) update to the older models of Canvas Knight A350, which was launched in March with Android 4.2.2 Jelly Bean. Later in June, the company had re-launched the smartphone with Android 4.4.2 KitKat out-of-the-box, without an upgrade for the devices shipped before that date.
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As reported by Indian blog Droidguru, the Android 4.4.2 KitKat update is now available over-the-air for the Canvas Knight A350 and is about 388MB in size. Users can also manually check the update fromSettings > About Phone.
The changelog visible on the screenshot posted for the Android 4.4.2 KitKat update shows that "Music Album art will now be displayed on the lock screen while playing music," apart from touting an improved user interface. It also notes that due to risk of incompatibility and their large size, apps like 'Where is my Perry, Toy Story and Kingsoft office' will be removed after the upgrade.
The Canvas Knight A350, launched at Rs. 19,999, offers dual-SIM (Micro-SIM) support and comes with a 5-inch (1080x1920 pixels) full-HD IPS display with a pixel density of 443ppi. The smartphone paks an octa-core MediaTek (MT6592T) processor clocked at 2GHz, coupled with 2GB of RAM.
It comes with 32GB of inbuilt storage, which is non-expandable. The Canvas Knight sports a 16-megapixel rear camera with OmniVision CameraChip sensor and M8 Largan Lens, while there is a secondary 8-megapixel front-facing camera also onboard.
On the connectivity front, the Canvas Knight includes 3G, Wi-Fi, Micro-USB, and Bluetooth. The smartphone packs a 2350mAh battery, which is rated to deliver up to 7.5 hours of talk time and up to 175 hours of standby time. It comes in three colour variants: Black, Black and Gold, and White and Gold.
Nanotechnology can improve the capabilities of electronic components.
ReplyDeleteNanoelectronics holds some answers for how we might increase the capabilities of electronics devices while we reduce their weight and power consumption. Some of the nanoelectronics areas under development, which you can explore in more detail by following the links provided in the next section, include the following topics.
Improving display screens on electronics devices. This involves reducing power consumption while decreasing the weight and thickness of the screens.
Increasing the density of memory chips. Researchers are developing a type of memory chip with a projected density of one terabyte of memory per square inch or greater.
Reducing the size of transistors used in integrated circuits. One researcher believes it may be possible to "put the power of all of today's present computers in the palm of your hand".
Nanoelectronics: Applications under Development :-
1)Cadmium selenide nanocrystals deposited on plastic sheets have been shown to form flexible electronic circuits. Researchers are aiming for a combination of flexibility, a simple fabrication process and low power requirements.
2)Using semiconductor nanowires to build transistors and integrated circuits.
3)Transistors built in single atom thick graphene film to enable very high speed transistors.
4)Researcher have developed an organic nanoglue that forms a nanometer thick film between a computer chip and a heat sink. They report that using this nanoglue significantly increases the thermal conductance between the computer chip and the heat sink, which could help keep computer chips and other components cool.